The sunny side of Joyce Carol Oates Essay Example For Students

The bright side of Joyce Carol Oates Essay Joyce Carol Oates has consistently been attracted to the underside of the American creative mind. Sequential executioners, attackers and youth posses tail the pages of her books, and scenes of abusive behavior at home, monetary hardship, depression and wrath are ordinary. The enthusiastic atmosphere is serious; the language regularly unfazed; the vision destructive, even whole-world destroying. Presently the essayist once called the Dark Lady of American Letters has ventured into daylight. The Perfectionist, which debuted at the McCarter Theater in Princeton, N.J. last October, was Joyce Carol Oatess first lighthearted comedy, and it came total with a cast of good-hearted characters, a sprightly rural setting and all the cheerful inventions that go with the class. The entire venture was somewhat far-fetched and unsettling, as though Jane Austen or Madame de Stael had abruptly transformed herself into Jean Kerrand no less amazing is the manner by which Oates aced the fundamentals of Broadway light parody while never having seen one. There are, no doubt, a couple of conflicting thunderings en route just as a portion of the problematic driving forces that underline the remainder of the authors workintimations of disease, passing and medication reliance, an allegation of assault and at one point the danger of castrationbut the agreeable comic soul she has called into soul figur es out how to hold the foreboding shadows under control. We will compose a custom paper on The bright side of Joyce Carol Oates explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now So exactly what were the conditions that brought this most strange worka sort of screwball parody for the intellectual elite, the rural and tenuredinto being? Oates gives a multi-layered clarification, starting with vicinity to the McCarter (she is right now the Roger S. Berlind Distinguished Professor in the Humanities at Princeton University) and her dear kinship with Emily Mann, the performance centers aesthetic chief. It was constantly comprehended that I would attempt to compose something that may be reasonable for the McCarter. Emily has consistently been exceptionally open to my work and I think in light of the fact that about her quality here I was urged to compose a sort of play I would not have in any case endeavored. I likewise love to learn new things, and for me The Perfectionist is an investigation in class. At last, Oates offers what might be the best explanation of for such a play: Life isnt all disagreement and anguish. There truly are sentiments on the planet, she adventures. Individuals begin to look all starry eyed at. Consistently. While her abstract notoriety lays safely on her exposition fiction, Oates is turning into an obvious nearness in American theater. She is especially dynamic during the ebb and flow seasonwhich additionally discovers her on landscape more natural than the radiant domain of The Perfectionist. Dark, a burning dramatization of racial encounter, will open March 7 in New York at Womens Project and Productions. Oatess 1972 play Ontological Proof of My Existence, about a ruffian who battles to have a little youngster while offering her available to be purchased to the most noteworthy bidder, was resuscitated by Chicagos Thunder Road Ensemble in November. I Stand Before You Naked, a composition play previously introduced at New Yorks American Place Theater in 1990, is entering its second year at the Theater Marie Stuart in Paris. Oates likewise as of late finished a lyrics for a drama dependent on her 1991 novella Black Water, an invented retelling of the Chappaquiddick episode, which is to get its reality debut in 1995 at the American Music Theater Festival of Philadelphia, just as a screenplay for Martin Scorsese. She is presently grinding away on another full-length show named Bad Girls. The current season guarantees various exhibitions of her one-demonstration plays (I love short plays since they get promptly to the show, she comments), which have demonstrated amazingly famous with school and little performance center gatherings in view of their little throws and negligible creation necessities. In any case, unexpectedly, of all her ongoing tasks, it is the one set nearest to home that appears to have evoked the best imaginative stretch. Oates concedes she would have truly wanted to form. The Perfectionist as to a greater degree a weak Restoration-type parody. Increasingly nostalgic and lighthearted comedy isn't my own taste. I graduated examinations in English, so I read Restoration show, and I appreciate Congreve and Wycherly monstrously. Be that as it may, those comedies are so difficult. The Perfectionist is set in a spot like Princeton, it has individuals in it who I know, and I didnt have the remorselessness to do that. .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .postImageUrl , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:hover , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:visited , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:active { border:0!important; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:active , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-embellishment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8d040388a cd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Evaluation of Live Theater: Nation EssayPart of the plays enchant is that those on either side of the window ornament are a piece of a similar network, and the knowing giggling of Princeton crowds, who rushed to distinguish the comedys natural sorts and catch its not so subtle references, genuinely set the auditorium turning. It isn't a lot of an embellishment to state that one left the McCarter, which sits on the edge of the universitys conveniently cut greensward, into the exceptionally world one had abandoned. Oates says she has been keen on show for as far back as she can recall, however the conditions of her early stages permitted her no immediate contact with the stage. I experienced childhood in a provincial network in upstate. New York and we were so distant from any sort of theater. Show wasnt educated yet I read Eugene ONeil and Tennessee Williams when I was in secondary school. I started heading off to the theater when I set off for college in the late 1950s. I saw brilliant plays on BroadwayRashomon and Tea and Sympathy and Archibald MacLeishs J.B., which was a significant encounter since it was a stanza show and a disaster. Oatess commencement into the venue came in 1965 (It all started for such a long time agoits practically like another lifetime) when the executive Frank Corsaro, detecting something emotional in her distributed short stories, dispatched her first play, The Sweet Enemy, for the Actors Studio Workshop. Other auditorium pieces followed every once in a while during the following two decades, the greater part of them delivered Off Broadway. In 1990 she got a commission from Jon Jory and Actors Theater of Louisville, and just because turned into a functioning member in the showy procedure. I never had a lot of experience being in the theater and working at practices. Louisville kicked me off at that. From that point forward Ive been composing plays for all intents and purposes constantly. During the previous three years her work has been seen at New Yorks American Place Theater, Ensemble Studio Theater and the Contemporary American Play Festival, Massachusetts Williamstown Theater Festival, and Connecticuts Long Wharf Theater. Oates talks about composing plays and composing books as two totally separate controls. Its the contrast among swimming and running. Both are practices and can be fulfilling, however they utilize totally various muscles. The test of the venue is to make the characters sufficiently clear to be alive in front of an audience and convey the heaviness of the activity. The writing account voice doesnt require this; youre recounting to a story. A play is likewise about forward force, and Oates compares its activities to that of a vehicle. It needs to move. You can have an excellent Rolls Royce however on the off chance that something isn't right with its motor and it just sits in the carport, youd be in an ideal situation with another vehicle that moves. Obviously, content issues as well, however Ive discovered that in the venue pacing and speed are significant. On the off chance that individuals are nodding off, you fizzle. She normally starts a play by envisioning an unfilled stage or room wherein something will occur. It takes a drawn-out period of time. I sit and fantasize. The characters are kind of there and they begin moving around and talking. Dislike exposition narr

Prepare journal entries to record transactions Essay

Plan diary sections to record exchanges - Essay Example For the purchaser, the money equalization will diminish or decrease by the sum he used to buy that thing, and on the other giving he will have obtained a portion of bread. On the dealer, his measure of money will increment by the cost of the portion of bread and keeping in mind that his load of bread will decrease thus (Price, Haddock, and Farina, 2012). Bookkeeping attempts to record both two occasions of the exchange, on the fiscal summary of the business. Without the idea of twofold section and upkeep of these bookkeeping records, the records of the business or the organization, will simply show a fractional report on the business or the organization situation (Stickney, 2010). By and large, the subsequent impact of two passages is known as charge and credits. Bookkeeping significant standard is that for each charge section, it must be trailed by the ensuing credit passage. The charge sections are the ones that outcome from the expansion in resources, and costs and those which lead to the diminishing in liabilities, values and salaries. Then again, credit sections are the ones that lead to the diminishing in costs and resources, and those that prompts the expansion in value liabilities and salary. A progression of these sections must prompt the adjusting of separate records. These records might be presented on one general record that has segments of portrayal, folio, charge side and credit side. After the section of every exchange, a short clarification is made. This depiction should precisely clarify the footing which occurred so any individual who sees it just because will have the option to comprehend what occurs on the separate sections. Every single diary entered can likewise be coordinated with the steady record, which is pertinent to the passage made. These strong records could be a receipt or check stub by the utilization of folio or code number. These folio number or code, cross reference between various archives. Enormous business

New kid on the block

New kid on the block Ents, bop, punting, pidge, Natsci, boatie, blues. Umh, say what? You might wonder whether these words are even English. Well, they are (I learnt them in England, from British people.) These words are among the many additions I have made to my vocabulary since I commenced my study at “the other Cambridge” *mysterious music ensues* Yes, Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, is also known as “that other place across the pond”, “Harry-Potter-style city”, a world-famous university with 61 Nobel Laureates (only 15 fewer than MIT, no biggie- notice the new sense of humor I picked up in England) and last but not least, the place where the structure of DNA was discovered (I am a biology major, I have to throw that in). Now you wonder what in the world I am doing here, on MIT Admissions blog. Well, I am also an MIT student! (Trust me, I have beaver fever.) Hi! I am Linh, a junior majoring in Biology (Course 7) and I am currently participating in the Cambridge-MIT Exchange Program. For those who are not aware, MIT has organized an exchange program with Cambridge University for the past 10 years (CME) and I am proud to be one of the students on the exchange program this year. Even though I am pretty much madly in love with MIT, I know that MIT creates all these study-abroad and exchange programs for a reason: to broaden the students’ horizon, develop our life skills and enrich our knowledge. Therefore I took that chance and I am glad I did. So, one day, when I was reading MIT admission blogs, which I have frequented since I had the intention of applying to MIT, I suddenly thought: “Why not blog about my life here in Cambridge, from my classes or extracurricular activities, to trips that I made around the UK?” In this way, potential applicants as well as MIT students will know more about all the exciting study-abroad/ international opportunities that MIT has to offer. I asked the admission office and here I am! I hope everyone will enjoy reading about my college journey, at MIT and abroad. Hopefully I will be able to let all the readers know more about MIT and its awesomeness :) Love Linh

California SAT Scores Admission Comparison

Film Audience Trailers

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 6004 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? As the main function of a film trailer is to market the film and promote to a range of audiences film trailers are also a form of persuasive art and promotional narrative, they are designed to make you want to go and see the film being shown at the cinema. As film trailers do give you the free sample of the film being advertised they also function as a tool to allow us to be aware of what films have been released on cinema and as Lisa Kernan states, Trailers are a cinema of (coming) attractions. And this essentially means film trailers are individual events allowing us to also see upcoming events in the future. Film trailers permit the viewers to generate opinions of their own so they can decide which films to go and watch. Trailers are my chosen topic for this dissertation, it will focus on the principle features of the film trailers, where I will analyse case studies to highlight the use of classic American film techniques and in return the analysis will answer the questions, what is a film trailer? How does a film trailer create meaning? Film trailers brought to my attention the ability they have to reconfigure a feature length film narrative into a short cinematic film. It is this factor which brings me to analyse film trailers closely. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Film Audience Trailers | Film Studies Dissertations" essay for you Create order I will be closely paying attention to a chosen element of the extensive range the marketing campaign. In particular I have chosen to look into film trailers. From Marketing I will move on to film trailers, where I am going to call attention to the design of film trailer, which will consist of analysing and identifying the principle features. These are its bare essentials, the Narrative, the Genre, the Sound; they are combined to create a film trailer. Each of these elements will be analysed along with several case studies to provide examples for the use of these elements. I will be looking for the use of editing techniques to determine how they create meaning and desired effects, such techniques include transitions, types of shot and bridging devices along with the use of captions. Other such techniques that will be brought up are the emphasis on the unique selling point of a film and using the star system to sell the film. These techniques in return will show how the narrative, the genre are some of the principle features constituting to the overall design of a film trailer. Further more into the analysis I will look at sound techniques such as voice over narration, the sound track and sound effects created for the film trailers. These techniques will determine the meaning Sound brings to the film trailer. Overall by looking at these techniques in different film trailers I will show how these principle features create effects and show how they function and what meanings they generate. Once I have established the meanings of the design of a film I will look at the functions of a trailer in its intended market. I will talk about the functions of the marketing campaign as a total strategy. I will broadly look into the marketing campaign to explain its importance in the film industry. Within in marketing I will be looking at the functions and effects of Distribution, promotion and advertising as the broader context in which film trailers fit into. I will consider factors such as market research into social cultures and why it is necessary, in addition with internet advertising and distribution as a tool for the mass audience. Moving on from the marketing of film trailers to the actual creation and techniques used in trailers known as the design. First I am going to look at the film trailer in general and state briefly what elements are used to construct the film trailer this will give us the groundworks and background information for film trailers so I can start to distinguish the finer elements in detail. In general film trailers tend to show us the most interesting images from a film; the scenes that will appeal to the viewers or make them laugh or create a sense of fear, any thing to excite the audience. To define a trailer to its bare essentials, I ask the question what makes a film trailer distinct and special. I believe that when certain key features are put together they create a powerful persuasive form of mini film. It is the use of techniques in which the trailers are created in there style that makes them distinct, as later I will prove in my analysis that each trailers approaches the design and style in showing the film in a unique and individual way while still employing classic Hollywood film techniques. The use of different shots and combining these shots to emphasize the films best features as well as the use of transitions and graphics are some classic Hollywood techniques used in promoting a film trailer. My research in film trailers has lead me to believe that the use of montage sequences and shot selection are the elements that bring together the narrative, genre and sound to create the film trailers. It is the capacity of film trailers to convey information non-verbally through mise-en-scene, editing, camera movements and facial expressions that provides the power to promote in such a big way Narrative The first principle feature of film trailers is the narrative. The film trailer creates a separate narrative to present the narrative of the feature length film. Narration is the telling of a story, and the plot of a film trailer implies story information. It is the narrational component of trailers which is significant to their production of meaning. Some trailers focus more on this feature as the film most likely covers important issues or contain a meaning of some importance these types of narratives are known as non-fictional. Fictional films tend to focus on explaining the background information to establish the story, I am going to look at a specific genre of film trailers, I have chosen action films spanning over the 1970s 80s and 90s. The Terminator film is a perfect example of a trailer that employs a specific technique of plot development. The narrative function is to introduce the character, in this case study it is The Terminator where the story implies a search and destroy plot. The voice over states what the plot is going to be about by saying a few facts, the last few words that are said explain the type of plot development you can expect in the film, It will have only one purpose, to return to the present and prevent the future. This weapon will be called The Terminator. With out this information the audience would be confused and the trailer would become arbitrary; it is the narrative that gives the film context first along with the images which reveal more of the plot. The use of narrative to explain the films meaning and purpose is essential, the function of narrative in this trailer shows the technique of a goal orientated plot. there are goal orientated plots, in which a character takes steps to achieve a desired object or state of affairs Plot development is a technique employed in many other action film trailers as I have noticed. The Die Hard film trailer reveals a plot where the central character John McLain is trying to save his wife who has been taken hostage among many others in a building. This plot reveals patterns of repeated action. Trailers use plot patterns to allow the audience to expect a certain type of plot, the audience create their own more specific intentions, as the trailer goes on revealing the audiences expectations become more precise. Aliens is a perfect example of a search and destroy plot pattern that is identified in the first scene of the movie where the female heroine known as Sigourney weaver asks a question and gets a simple reply. This small amount of dialogue explains the development of plot you can expect to see in the film itself. Just tell me one thing Berk, were going out to destroy themrite, not to study, not to bring back, but to wipe them out? Thats the plan! Although this dialogue alone is unjustified until you see the action that follows it. This statement implies that there is something out there and not of a friendly nature, Sigourneys intentions are to go out there and destroy something. It is clear that narrative in trailers plays an integral role in the creation of meaning in delivering the narrative plot of the feature length film correctly, without revealing too much but making it interesting enough. The two trailers mentioned above use voice over to narrate the story information where as my next example employs the use of inter titles. The inter titles are words on a blank screen or superimposed over images, which contribute to the meaning of the plot or story information. In addition they are used as a transition between time and space, the connotative meanings of the words are interpreted by social cultures who relate the words to the nature of the society in which they live in. The trailer lets the images reveal more about the style and dialogue of the film, while the inter titles connote different meanings and informs the audiences of what to expect in the film. This is a different technique to inform the audience of the type of plot development they can expect. In addition to the narrative development of plots, the middle portion of the trailer displays the events that define action and adventure are the causes of the delays of expected outcomes. These events may cause suspense, fear, excitement and surprise. For example in the Die hard film trailer the number of obstacles John McLain has to fight through to save his wife are just the delayed expectations, creating suspense and progressing through to the final climaxes of the film. Although this true film trailers differ slightly in the fact that scenes are shown leading up to the climax but you have to remember it is only a trailer and its purpose is to interest you, so the climax is never shown. This brings me to talk about the narrative in its effect of making audiences want to experience the action and fear created buy viewing through the safe environment of the cinema. By only seeing certain key scenes in a film trailers they allow you to create affective expectations and generate your own intentions of what the full feature will contain. These expectations from the audiences are what Wolfgang Iser calls Textual Gaps. The film industry assume the audience will generate there own desired intentions, emotions and expectations after viewing the trailers. For example a trailers principle features or rhetoric might highlight a films quality of music or sound and spectacle or narrative. This is vital in terms of audiences having there own intentions and wanting to go and see a film they desire rather then seeing the real film. The point being, plot developments in trailers only reveal a certain amount and their purpose is to inform but then entice audiences to fill in the remaining information with intentions then effectively the trailer has fulfilled its job in attracting the viewer. Genre The narrative explanation of story plot and information is closely related to the genre in terms of the style in which this narrative is represented and in a form that audiences can recognize. Some trailers focus more specifically on the dialogue, sometimes the trailer will focus more on the spectacles or just show who stars in the film and name the most famous actors. This usually identifies quickly the genre and type of film trailer you are viewing. For instance the Die Hard film sets the narrative and then the remainder of the trailer focuses more on display of the established conventions recognised by the American society such as the use of guns and explosions that are emphasized on. Another film that I will analyse approaches the genre in a similar manor. Alien V Predator Requiem starts of by presenting a very calm environment then suddenly turns to show action and gun fire. To show the audience the genre of the film both these trailers employ similar techniques. Both these trailers point to the use of Tzvetan Todorovs narrative theory, in which the narrative situations take transformational steps in the process of cause an effect principle. This is evident in Alien Vs Predator Requiem trailer where equilibrium is stated with an establishing scene of the town location, a disruption is outlined in the trailer by the entrance of an unknown object through the sky and the following scenes displays the killing of a father hunting in the forest with his child. As a search party make there way through the forest to find a body, becomes the recognition of the disruption. The footage that follows, display the attempt to repair the disruption caused in the earlier stages of transformation of the narrative. Anomaly with film trailers is that the last stage on transformation known as the reinstatement of the initial equilibrium is not shown as this lures the audiences into going to see the full story. Although I have analysed a film trailer with the use of a narrative theory while talking about genre, it is relevant for the following reason. The nature in which the story follows the stages of transformation also shows that action has to be taken against the disruption of the equilibrium. This allows the images to focus on the action and genre of this film trailer. It is the formation of selected shots which appear to present itself in the form of this causal transformation All film trailers will have establishing scenes with a message clearly showing the films genre, either by showing particular scenes or putting emphasis on the story and actors. I will be closely analysing the Die Hard trailer as a case study to distinguish the meaning of genre and how it is created in trailers. An important technique to describe here is the unique selling point of film trailers in which the films most attractive features are shown and emphasized on. I believe this technique is directly linked in identifying the genre of action films. This is evident in the Die Hard trailer as the big spectacles are emphasized on to present the action in a loud and interesting manner, therefore the unique selling point of the trailer being the action. This leads to the use of conventional genre ideas that are recognised by many audiences in the broader perspective. These conventional genre ideas being such features as guns, big car chases as well as car crashes and explosions of some nature. These events inform the audience of particular attributes that allow viewers to distinguish action films from horror films. These traits are quickly recognisable features within a cultural society of film viewers. Further more one technique of defining a film trailer through genre is the selection of shot types used in creating the trailer. The editing technique is very important in the creation of the trailer, because the selection of shot determines the effect achieved on screen and also the use of shot can explain clearly what the scene is showing. As the die hard trailer starts, Christmas music is playing, the setting and environment looks natural as the equilibrium has been set, until the trailer changes its mood. A close up shot of the villain shows him shooting a number of bullets into the air. This scene of a gun being fired defines the trailer as an action film, as the scenes to follow show more action. The audience only know this through past cinematic experience which implies action films have a number of set agreed cinematic conventions to which the audience identify film trailers through. Another action genre film trailer also employs the same techniques of unique selling points and the use of shot selection to present the action such as Alien Vs Predator Requiem. The trailer begins with a slow tempo and an establishing shot to show the peaceful environment, at this point the genre is fairly unclear. Around the middle of the trailer the mood changes and a medium shot shows a ball of fire entering the scene, this implies an object has shot past from outer space. This is the definitive scene in the trailer because it shows a change in the narrative. The following scene show more action and the trailer then goes on to show the films unique selling point, the Alien. In addition actors are also used to sell films because of their star status. This is evident in my next case study Pulp Fiction. The scenes in this trailer are used to show the large cast starring in the film, while still showing the film in a clever design. The unique selling point of this film trailer is the use of the actors star status as well as the action in the film. While this film lacks big spectacles it is still an action movie but focuses more on the dialogue and narrative. The trailer introduces the idea of different stories taking place while putting the emphasis on the cast. The trailer uses intertitles to bridge the first story from the second, in between these scenes the trailer uses inter titles to display the words loyalty, betrayal and crime to separate the stories, at the same time very little is revealed. By introducing the cast through each of the stories, the use of the inter titles using words associated with the stories the film trailer sets the genre as well as the unique selling point of the film. Because the focus is directed more on the cast and the narrative the action comes across as equal as the other features. The trailer ends with a voice over reading out the names of the actors that star in the film, the scenes also follow each other rapidly and are timed with the names being read out. This type of sequence is known as the montage sequience. A montage sequence is where a series of shots are arranged in a particular order for a particular purpose. The sequence is more about presenting the footage in a different way rather that providing the illusion of natural continuity. In the Pulp Fiction trailer this sequence was used to show the actors when their names where being read out. At the same time this sequence was used to show more scenes from the film. Overall the trailer doesnt reveal much about the story but highlights the Genre and actors very well. I think the trailer is cleverly created in the sense that very little is revealed yet enough is seen along with the three descriptive words giving a definition of the story for the audience to associate what is seen with the tittles describing what will occur in the film. These words leave the narrative open for the audiences imaginations to build up a film they would like to see. In effect the use editing techniques such as montage sequences and selection of specific shots and transitions trailers form ways of presenting the narrative of a film with aesthetic. Sound As genre and narrative work hand in hand to show the plot and genre another principle feature of a film trailer is the use of Sound. Sound in film trailers is very important, it forces the viewers to use more then just the visual sense, and instead the sound engages the aural senses of the viewers. As sound is as important as the visual footage it can achieve very strong effects and yet remain unnoticed, it is very unlikely a spectator comes out the cinema and acknowledges the film for its aural efforts. As Sergei Eisenstien called synchronization of senses known as combining the image and the sound to create a single rhythm or expressive quality. I have picked a trailer for my case study where I think the synchronization of sound with image is important in the creation of meaning and overall mood of the film. The sound used in films is known as the film sound track for example the Rocky film trailer. This trailer uses music to create emotion and mood in away that emphasizes the emotion created in the scenes, this emotion is used to reach out to the audience for them to engage with the characters feelings. The Rocky trailer uses a specific sound track to create emotion around the story for example the tempo and rhythm changes according to the images. The music changes dramatically in the scene with rocky and the women kissing, this scene implies romance but the music sets a specific mood that an audience can relate to, it creates an atmosphere to go with the scene. The next scene shows a man having a talk with Rocky, the music changes instantly to imply chance, possibility and the intention of something happening (Cause and Effect) the music here changes from the piano to a kind of tower clock bell ringing. This trailer uses music to create emotion but it is in excess of change, the mood in the trailer changes to often and switches from romance to opportunity then back to sad music then to energetic music, the positive side to this music is it displays an emotional plot and the Rockys struggle to make something of his life. This kind of sound is known as nondiegetic sound. Nondiegetic sound is represented by sources existing outside the story world. As I carrying out analysis on action film trailers nondiegetic sound is important as music is the most commonly used type of sound in action films to create effective emphasis on the action: Viewers understand that the movie music is a convention and does not issue from the world of the story A trailer is defined as a brief film text that uses images from a specific feature film while asserting its excellence, its purpose being to project in theatres to promote a films theatrical release. A film trailer is an essential marketing tool and the nuclei of the promotional effort being an advert for a film the trailers design features are as important as its other functions. The most important principle of a film trailer is what it functions as best, its distribution, promotion and marketing of an upcoming film. This process occurs before the product reaches the viewers. There are many forms through which we can communicate. I consider this statement as a starting point linked to film trailers because trailers are presented in many mediums to a wide range of audiences to different cultures. This is also where the idea of promoting trailers and marketing them begins correctly. There are many different processes to consider in knowing the target audience and what type of category the film fits into. As I am going to be looking at the action genre in film trailers, the target audience will be a core audience who is attracted by the varying story lines but the essential action is what appeals to them. Films are put into certain categories known as genres, these films having different attributes which in turn address different audiences. Attracting a huge audience starts with knowing the genre and type of film, this leads to the right distributor who is required to get the film to the exhibitors. The marketing campaign also lets the audience know the film is in the process of being produced and when the release date has been set for. The idea of releasing the trailer early is to create a fan base or create enough interest for a potential audience and to generate enough hype up until the film is finished and ready to premiere. The importance of marketing a film can affect the overall outcome of the film in theatres. The marketing of a film includes the total strategy required to sell a film. This strategy includes the different types of advertising, promotion and distribution of a feature length film. Marketing is the strategy employed to find the most effective way to get to your audience or buyer Once a film is complete, marketing supplements the various forms of conventional advertising (Trailers, Television, Radio, Press, Poster Campaigns and the Internet). The idea of marketing lies around creating a positive image around the film which has been produced. As quoted above the conventional advertising practices, one has not been mentioned, name tie-ins. Tie-ins are contracts between companies selling consumer products with distribution companies. The consumer products can be of everyday use such as food labels carrying images and titles of the films, toys and cloths, all of which promote the film. Although advertising is a specific strategy to expose a feature length film, the marketing is more about the total exposure to the general public on the whole. An important part of the marketing process is known as Market research. This element is vital to the success of a blockbuster movie of contemporary cinema. Its function is to monitor the response of the publics reception towards an advertised film and to change the marketing strategy accordingly. The three most significant events in selling a film are the pitching of a film idea, finding the distributor and finding an exhibitor. First the distributors or financiers have to finance a movie where a script has been written by someone who wants it to be made into a film. The financiers or the distributors are known as the first buyers. From this the distributor must market the film further and pitch the finished film to an exhibitor. Just as the distributor brought the script and idea of the film so does the exhibitor wish to view the completed film before deciding to show the film in all of its chain of theaters. The Exhibitors are known as the Second Buyers. Finally the advertising and promoting a film to an audience is known as the third buyers.The promotion and the advertising is the job of the distributor and the publicist. All these processes fit together as the marketing (selling) of the film to a potential audience. Trailers are basically another form of advertising a product, where the film is the product and the trailer being the advert. Attempts were made to advertise films with trailers as early as 1912. Promotion is a form of advertising; the devices involved in promoting havent changed drastically since the exhibitors first started promoting in the film industry. I believe that the function of promotion is to inform society and different cultures that a product is out and available. It was the arrival of Nickelodeon around 1905, which fundamentally changed the advertisement strategies. Promotion of feature length films began when the amount of exhibitors grew and the competition for the amount of films released also grew. The exhibitors felt the need to advertise their films so as to attract the public to their theatres. The exhibitors put up posters, made flyers and distributed them to the homes of the general public as well as even hiring barkers to shout out information about their films. From 1908 onwards promoting products seemed the only way to reach out to the public to seek there attention and compete against other exhibitors. At this point only the exhibitors were concerned about promoting there products and fighting of other competition the studios and producers of the films were more concerned about the machines that made films. As promotion became increasingly important so did there efforts in seeking the publics attention. Weekly or monthly bulletins were produced listing up coming features; they focused on the plots, sets and stories of the films. Exhibitors set the trend with promotion of films, studios quickly caught on and opened up advertising departments in their companies. These departments controlled the production of posters and other advertising tactics; they supplied these in the form of press books to theatres during the silent and classical eras. These advertising departments established there promotional practices which also continued on into the classical era. Companies such as MGM also began using promotional campaigns; it became the standard procedure to promote films. Trailer on the other hand started appearing around 1912 but didnt become coherent until a few years later. It is clear that within a decade of Hollywood cinema the promotional campaign was the most important element in the film industry. Moving towards the classical era, trailers are the one practice where they have changed according to the lengths and qualities of the feature length films. As in the silent era films were not long enough to have trailers but in the classical era trailers generally consisted of voice over narrating on top of film footage, including text over the image using hard-sell tag-lines to sell the picture. I came across an example of a classic film containing these hard-sell tag-lines. The King Kong (1933) trailer is a perfect example of these inter titles emphasizing the film as a must see feature, one of the inter titles reads: Stillthe most amazing show on any screen! Although this function was more important in the silent area the voice over was more relied on in the classical era. The basic premise, of reminding viewers that trailers are only a quick guide to the full length feature, are still proving that these inter titles are promotional messages. I believe this promotional practice is the most effective out of the whole marketing campaign. Most of the promotional tactics that exist today-trailers, print advertisements, press books, posters, promotional tie-ins, and star premieres- were in place by 1915, although their forms have changed since then. Before internet advertising, the conventional Hollywood marketing campaign consisted of successfully advertising through well known mediums such as the Posters, the Radio, through newspapers and the T.V. These practices had remained consistent and familiar with the American cultures until 1995 media and advertising took a major leap and began a new type of advertising tactic. This tactic was known as internet promotion. In the summer 1995, media and advertising executives announced that the internet had become the new frontier in film productions. The internet plays an important role in the marketing of films, it is such a big platform for a film to be advertised. As genre is concerned it would be difficult to direct a film trailer towards a specific audience, the internet is such a level playing field that the trailer would be open at any and everyone. As Vinzenz Hediger notes, in the contemporary market, trailers are very cost effective since they utilize approximately 4.5% of the advertising budget of a given film, while generating at least 20% of the films box office revenue. This is fact adds to the reason why film trailers are my chosen topic of interest, I consider them the most effective feature in a marketing campaign. It is the visual elements and the free sample of the actual event that attracts social cultures. The internet has a big role in this. Although the internet had been around since the 1960s the main use for it was text based. Towards the late 1990s faster connections were produced opening up the opportunities to promotions and advertisement to a mass audience over a new platform. The reason for this being the internet allowed for communication through to the social cultures as well as society being able to communicate with each other. Trailers come in many formats over the internet; they can be downloaded, watched online and even downloaded to mobiles. In a professional context companies are competing on the same level, as a website nowadays can be put up fairly quickly, the only implication here is that some websites get more attention and visits then others. Marketing Batman Forever (1995) was the first major Hollywood feature to get advertised using a website as the centre piece for the campaign. As the arrival of the T.V. disrupted the flow of the film industry it seemed like the internet could possibly do the same for advertising on the T.V. This website contained more information about the films sets, plots and textual narrative all on the same website. This type of promotional campaign became more of an interactive activity which encouraged society to engage with the film experience. Through my research I have learnt that the promotional campaign has always had to adapt to the arrival of new mediums, but I have also learnt that society has adapted to. The marketing of promotional tactics is getting more and more sophisticated but also becoming more effective. Although I have covered promotional strategy and its importance in the film industry in improving the cinemas cultural standing I have yet to explain the role of the distributor. In the film industry the distribution company is seen as the agent between production and exhibition. The companies carry out the following tasks such as sales: securing the rental contracts for specific play dates, advertising directed to theatres through trade publications and to film goers through print and electronic media. The function of the distributor is very important in Hollywood film, it is their responsibility that the timing the release of the film to the different markets is crucial. As I have mentioned before trailers are part of a package that is a marketing campaign. Along with posters and adverts and tie-ins trailers have a more significant role. Trailers carry the meaning of the film with visual images; this brings in to the argument the T.V, Cinema and the Internet as media platforms to display these trailers. During the silent era only the cinema existed, therefore cinema dominated. During the classical era as technology became better the arrival of the T.V competed with advertisement on a new level. As more platforms arrived and new strategies to advertise promotional campaigns had to change. Seems that every type of platform available to advertise has been exploited to continue to hold a position in Hollywood cinema with the American Culture. To maintain the power and success of Hoolywood Cinema in the contemporary age amongst the American Culture it seems that the marketing strategy has exploited every type of advertising platform available. By the early 1970s, promotional budgets sometimes exceeded a films production costs. As new technologies change the ways in which films are viewed, from television, to video, to DVDs and digital downloads, the have also changed promotions, many of them using a number of media platforms. The internet as a media platform, for trailers began with the most famous advertising campaign know as the Blair Witch Project (1999). Although becoming the most famous internet campaign the film was seen as less important then the actual advertisement of the film. This did not change the way in which marketing strategies unfolded but did catch the attention of directors and producers, who began to request internet campaigns for the films they were producing. The point here is to stress on the promotional campaign, and not to over see the campaigns effects on attracting huge amounts of success from advertising a feature film on the internet, the novelty and the timing were important factors that helped bring success to the film. The timing is crucial to the success of a film within any medium, in terms that if trailers are released to soon viewers will lose interest but if a campaign is released to late the distribution company will face the responsibility of not exposing the film long enough to the public.

Paper on Hades Free Essays

In Greek mythology, Hades was an Olympian God, regarded as the ‘God of the Dead’ or the ‘Lord of the Underworld’. He was born to Cronus, the leader of the Titans, who ruled during the legendary Golden Age, and his wife Rhea, on the island of Crete. He had two brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, and three sisters Demeter, Hestia and Hera. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper on Hades or any similar topic only for you Order Now In art works, Hades is depicted as a dark man with a huge beard. It is believed that Cronus devoured five of his own children, when Gaia and Ouranos made the prophecy that Cronus would be overcome by one of his sons just like he did to his father. The youngest son Zeus escaped this wrath with his mother’s help, and went on to become a powerful warrior forcing Cronus to disgorge his siblings. Then Zeus teamed up with his brothers, Poseidon and Hades, raged a war against the Titans, and defeated them. The three brothers chose their realms after this win. Zeus got the sky, Poseidon got the sea and Hades got the underworld. He had a chariot which was pulled by four black horses. The Narcissus and the Cypress plants were sacred to him. Hades had a pet called Cerberus, a multi-headed dog who guarded the gates of the underworld. Its task was to make sure that no one escaped the realms of Hades. Persephone, the queen on Hades, was the goddess of fertility. She was carried away by Hades, to his realm. He enticed her into plucking a pomegranate, after tasting which, she was bound to the underworld. But, at the end, it was decided that Persephone would spend a part of the year with Hades in the underworld and the rest in her world, with her mother. Subjects of Hades were forbidden from leaving his realm as it would enrage him to know about his subjects going against his wishes. However, it proved to be an exception when Eurydice, wife of Orpheus, was almost allowed to return back from the underworld. She was killed due to a snake bite. When Orpheus went to the underworld to bring her back, Hades was so touched by his music that he agreed to send Eurydice back, but warned Orpheus to return back to his world without turning back on the way to check whether Eurydice is following him. But Orpheus thought that Hades tricked him and turned back, and he lost his chance to get his wife back. Being the Lord of the underworld, Hades was indeed feared by one and all, but he was worshipped. People believed that they got precious minerals from the underworld which was the realm of Hades. Black animals were sacrificed to Hades, unlike the traditional ritual of white animal sacrifice to gods. He was also termed as ‘the rich one’, as all the riches of Earth were in his possession How to cite Paper on Hades, Essay examples

European Union (883 words) Essay Example For Students

European Union (883 words) Essay European UnionThemanaged exchange rate system deals with trade rate between countries. Managedrates assume that one country sets the monetary policy, takes the exchange ratethat is given, and assumes the other country will go along with that rate. Theother country then tries to reduce inflation by setting their own exchange rate. The managed exchange rate system slows down exchange-rate movement through theforeign trade market intervention. The whole purpose behind the European Unionis to maintain peace between the European counties, and to integrate them. Thefounding gentlemen of the EMS wanted to restore the integration of the EuropeanCommunities. In 1949, the Council of Europe was founder to promote political andsocial unity in Europe. Later in 1952, the European Coal and Steel Community wasstarted to allay fears of a ?military-industrial complex fuellingrenascent German nationalism (Artis Lee 5). Economic integration andunity was brought to a head in March of 1957 when the European EconomicCommunity and the European Atomic Energy Community were formed. These twotreaties were used to help stabilize and form the ECU. All three of theseorganizations/treaties were essential to forming what is today called theEuropean Union. The European Union/European Monetary System failed for threebasic reasons in the earl y 1990s. First of all, it failed because it wasinefficient due to the low-inflation system and the recession in that timeperiod. The recession elaborated on the conflicts between the member countriesof the European Union. Second, it is not sufficiently competitive at the currentrate of exchange. Third, the real interest rate of the world would need todecline drastically in order for the EU to work. Also in the early 1990sthere were smaller expectations of devaluations (DeGrauwe 131). Thecurrent European Union has been a result of recent treaties. The first treatythat was signed in February 1992 helped the unification of Europe be that muchcloser. It set the groundwork for one currency throughout Europe called theeuro. In order to update the current treaties the Amsterdam Treaty was signed asa result of the Intergovernmental Conference. This treaty resulted in a plan tolisten to the citizens, get closer to a more secure Europe, to make Europe morevocal throughout the world, and to ma ke the European Union more efficient. As ofJanuary of 1997 there were 15 countries belonging to the regional and economicEuropean Union. The countries currently involved are Austria, Belgium, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal,Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In the future the European Union hopes togrow and add more countries to this list. The banking system that the EuropeanUnion uses is a Central Banking System. With the evolvement of the Euro theeconomics of Europe will be easier to maintain. As of January 1, 1999 thenational central banks and the European Central Bank were formed to helpinstitute the monetary policy using the euro. The macroeconomics theoryaccompanied with the use of economic analysis can illustrate the ideas behindthe EMS. The members of the EU have put a strong emphasis into the monetary andmacroeconomic policies. In order to reduce inflation the tried to have morestable competitive conditions within in t he EMS which resulted in strictexchange rates (Levich Sommariva 5). The European Union has a long wayto go before it achieves 100% success. It is updated basically on a year-to-yearbasis. In order to continue to improve the Union they have established an Agenda2000. This agenda presents the major problems that they will encounter as theyear 2000 is approached. First, they want to strengthen and reform the Communitypolicies to deal with a growing European Union. Second, they need to look at theother countries that have applied to be a part of the Union. Last, a budgetneeds to be established that includes all of their future plans. There are manyadvantages to having a united Europe to the people of Europe. One benefit istrade. There is now a free movement of goods, services, people and, money withinthe countries belonging to the European Union. Having a united Europe, whichwill result in the euro, will benefit information technology, administrativechanges, and the information and tra ining of employees. The benefits of the EUon citizens, businesses, and tourists will be determined by how much attentionis paid by each particular country to maintaining and promoting good relationswith one another. (Sumner Zis 249) American businesses are affect by theunited Europe. For example, in 1980-85 there was an unpredicted increase in thevalue of the dollar. As a result of the dollar appreciation many Americanindustrial firms that competed in the international market were more profitablethan in the past. The European Union also affects the business in the UnitedStates because the cash forward market liquidity tends to ?dry up' inthe middle of the afternoon because that is when the European currency tradersare going home for the day (Levich Sommariva 95). Investors in the ECU aregrowing on a daily basis. Investors tend look at the Union as a risk-returninginvestment according to dollar assets and the foreign alternatives that areavailable. .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca , .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca .postImageUrl , .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca , .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca:hover , .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca:visited , .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca:active { border:0!important; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca:active , .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1cc8264a6fb2879948f6f71d93a5fca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Secret Crimes of Compassion Essay BibliographyDeGrauwe, Paul. The Economics of Monetary Integration. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, 1994. Giavazzi, Francesco, Stefano Micossi, and Marcus Miller. The European Monetary System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Levich, Richard M., and Andrea Sommariva. The ECU Market: Current Developmentsand Future Prospects of the European Currency Unit. Lexington: Lexington Books,1987. Sumner, M.T., and G. Zis. European Monetary Union: Progress and Prospects. New York: St. Martins Press, 1982.